The contact process is the chemical process used to make sulfuric acid. Manufacturing of sulfuric acid by contact process sulfuric acid h 2 so 4 is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid. Sulfur, as followed by group 01 as per the allocations of ch 4202 comprehensive design. Ichemicalsb sulfuric acid 1 the manufacture of sulfuric acid and superphosphate superphosphate is the fertiliser most commonly used in new zealand to ensure that soil has a sufficiently high phosphorous c ontent. It is composed of a number of chemical reactions, or steps, each occurring under different conditions and in different industrial chambers. Rock phospha te or, fluorapatite, is treated with 93% sulfuric acid to. Sulphuric acid is obtained from the absorption of so3 and water into h2so4 with a concentration of at least 98%. Sulphuric acid is furthermore used for the production of explosives, synthetics, viscose and washing agents and for special applications in the chemical industry. Sulphuric acid manufacturing process the engineering. Highly corrosive in nature, hygroscopic, produces severe chemical and thermal burns when in contact. Therefore, this article is intended to give a brief idea of lead acid battery manufacturing process. For the sulfuric acid process, the production rate of sulfuric acid, fprod can. Contact process for manufacturing of sulphuric acid. As well, clean gas is required to prevent plugging of catalyst beds and.
It is widely used in metal processing for example in the manufacture of copper and the manufacture of zinc and in cleaning the surface of steel sheet, known as pickling, prior to it being covered in a. Copy right material sulfuric acid h2so4 prepared by engr. Sulphuric acid is also used as catalyst and dehydrating agent in petrochemical process and organic chemical manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and oxygen, passed over a hot catalyst, unite to form sulfur trioxide, which in turn combines with water to make sulfuric acid. Learn the basics about manufacturing sulphuric acid as part of the equilibrium topic within reactions. Platinum was initially used as the catalyst for this reaction. Handbook of sulphuric acid manufacturing free download as pdf file.
These batteries provide sufficient energy to start engines, and are maintenance free, and durable. The gas is not dissolved in water as this would merely produce a sulphuric acid mist due to the heat of the reaction the word equation for mixing sulphur trioxide and concerntrated sulphuric acid is. A practical guide to the manufacture of sulfuric acid, oleums, and. Manufacturing process sulphuric acid manufacturing consists of. A lead acid battery is commonly used in automobile applications and ups systems. This book attempts to update and compile the information and experience. The manufacture of sulfuric acid and superphosphate.
Pdf production of sulfuric acid engr sajid chaudhary. Sulphuric acid is used to wash impurities out of gasoline and other refinery products in petroleum refining. The metallurgical offgases must be cleaned prior to entering the contact section of the acid plant to enable the plant to produce a product acid of acceptable quality for use and sale. Preparation of sulphuric acid by contact process with examples. The final step in sulfuric acid manufacture is the production of h 2 so 4. Vinyl chloride from ethylene urea production and manufacturing cement manufacturing process industrial sulphuric acid production. Louie free pdf d0wnl0ad, audio books, books to read, good books to read, cheap books, good books, online books, books online, book. Production of sulphuric acid, chlorosulphonic acid, 23%.
The product of sulphuric acid manufacture is liquid acid, 93 to 98% h2so4, 2 to. This report contains a detailed design proc edure of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from. Sulfuric acid manufacturing process of sulfuric acid. The location is connected to the railway network and has a. This can either be made by burning sulphur in an excess of air. The recommendations cover the production processes of sulphuric acid and oleum and reflect the industry perception of which tech niques are generally. The contact process the contact process is the chemical process used to make sulfuric acid.
The contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Please note that south africa sulfuric acid market outlook 2020 is a half ready publication and contents are subject to changes and additions. The production was scaled up to correspond to 35 mtpd of sulfur. It is widely used in the manufacture of chemicals, e. Handbook of sulphuric acid manufacturing, 2 nd edition. The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes. The h 2 so 4 is made by sending strong sulfuric acid down around ceramic saddles in a packed bed while blowing so 3 gas up through the bed. It is composed of a number of chemical reactions, or steps, each occurring under different conditions and in different industrial. Sulfuric acid is also obtained from ammonium sulfate, a byproduct in the manufacture of poly methyl 2methylpropenoate and also recovered from spent i. The first nine chapters focus on the chemical plant processes involved in industrial acidmaking, with considerable data input from the authors. Leadacid batteries and steps of battery manufacturing process. What are the processes of sulphuric acid manufacture.
A mixture of h 2 so 4 and free so 3 is equivalent to a sulfuric acid concentration of over 100 %. The starting material for sulfuric acid manufacture. Sulfuric acid is used for making fertilizer, leaching metal ores, refining petroleum, and manufacturing a myriad of products. Conversion of sulfur trioxide formed into concentrated h 2 so 4. Sulfuric acid is formed during the contact process. The contact process in the manufacture of sulfuric acid. Substantial quantities are used as an acidic dehydrating agent in organic chemical and petro. Analysis, control and optimization keeps the important topics of safety and regulation at the forefront as it overviews and analyzes the process of sulfuric acid manufacture. In order to manufacture industrial sulphuric acid, the contact process of sulfur trioxide production has to be economically efficient. Following this step, the sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide, using a catalyst.
If sulfur is the feedstock, it must first be converted to sulfur dioxide. Pdf design of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from sulfur. This measures the potential impact emitted in manufacturing a unit. In manufacturing one tonne of sulfuric acid, one tonne of high pressure steam is also produced. Sulphuric acid is used with phosphate rock in the manufacture of phosphate fertilisers. Figure 1, a simplified flow diagram, presents three alternative routes for the generation of so 2.
Sulfuric acid h 2 so 4 is a strong, heavy acid with a density of 1. Combustion of sulfur into sulfur dioxide conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. Hemihydrate filter waste gas flash cooler phosphate rock sulphuric acid water weak phosphoric acid phosphoric acid 3338% p205 byproduct cas04. About 200 million tonnes of sulfuric acid are producedconsumed per. The sulphuric acid production plant the reference installation is located at a local industrial park. Manual for sulfuric acid contact process louisiana state university.
Pdf design of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from. Best available techniques reference document on the production. Smaller amounts are used in the production of ammonium and potassium sulphate. Sulfuric acid is a sulfur oxoacid that consits of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Concentrated sulfuric acid 9398 % is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, dyes, and petroleum products. Contact process, modern industrial method of producing sulfuric acid. Sulfuri c ac id alternative spell ing sulphuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, is a minera l acid composed of the e lement s sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula h 2 so 4. Starting point for the production of sulphuric acid at the reference installation uti lizing a double contact double absorption process is purified liquid sulphur. Steps involved in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid are as stated below. Sulfuric acid alternative spelling sulphuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula h 2 so 4. Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacturing process of such drugs. The global sulphuric acid market is segmented on the basis of manufacturing process, application, and region. The product of sulphuric acid manufacture is liquid acid, 93 to 98% h2so4, 2 to 7% h2o. Subscribe to the fuse school youtube channel for many more educational videos.
The contact process forms sulfur trioxide so 3 gas from sulfur dioxide so 2 and oxygen in a catalyst tower, and sulfuric acid is formed when water is added. The major use of sulfuric acid is in the production of fertilizers, e. Handbook of sulphuric acid manufacturing, 2 nd edition by douglas k. The acid is sprayed over the so 3 and produces an oily liquid called oleum. It is manufactured from the reaction between sulfuric acid and phosphate rock rock rich in the mineral fluorapatite, ca5po4.
Sulfuric acid has a wide range of applications including domestic acidic drain cleaner, electrolyte in lead acid batteries and various cleaning agents. Download free handbook of sulfuric acid manufacturing by. To convert sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide, sulphur dioxide is mixed with oxygen and the mixture is passed over a catalyst of vanadium v oxide v2o5 at a temperature as high as 450c and at a pressure of 2. Petersen sulphuric acid manufacture efficiency first technology at its best page 4 of 19 technology dedication makes the difference the technology to manufacture sulphuric acid may be old, but the manufacture of the chemical most used in the world, still needs commitment and dedication. Sulfuric acid is the largestvolume industrial chemical produced in the world 200 million tons per year. In any case, today we will be looking at the contact process in detail. Download free handbook of sulfuric acid manufacturing by douglas k louie rar 3db19cccfd. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly exothermic its corrosiveness can be mainly ascribed to its stron g acidic nature, and. We have all data necessary for report preparation but they need to be retrieved from our databases, organized in a report, updated with the latest information and thus the complete study will be presented. There are three types of sulphuric acid process, according to the condition of the calci um sulphate produced, since it can be obtained in the form of anhydrite, hemihydrate or dihydrate. Sulfuric acid, the wet method of producing phosphoric acid, is used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers.
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